Sizing your electrical service in New York for an EV, heat pump and induction range

Panel rating, service rating and utility supply

Three ratings determine how much power a home can use: the panel (its busbar and main breaker), the service entrance (the meter socket and service conductors) and the utility supply (the overhead drop or underground lateral and the transformer). The lowest of the three is the limit. A 200-amp panel connected to a 100-amp service is still a 100-amp installation.

According to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, roughly one third of existing US homes have 100-amp service and limited breaker space. In older New York City houses, common constraints include undersized service entrance cable, shared neutrals, remnants of early wiring, multiple meters in two- to four-family buildings and landmark rules that affect the meter location. Federal Pacific, Zinsco and Challenger panels should be replaced regardless of capacity.

Which code applies in NYC and on Long Island

In the five boroughs, the 2025 NYC Electrical Code took full effect on December 21, 2025. It adopts the 2020 NEC (NFPA 70) with New York City amendments. On Long Island, the 2025 New York State Uniform Code took effect on December 31, 2025, and industry listings show the 2023 NEC as the state electrical code from January 1, 2026. We confirm the edition and the inspection agency with each town or village.

The difference matters for EV chargers. The 2023 NEC added Section 220.57, which counts an EV charger at 7,200 VA or its nameplate rating, whichever is larger, and excludes it from the appliance demand factor. The 2020 NEC used in New York City has no Section 220.57, so the charger is counted at its nameplate rating as a continuous load. In every edition, the charger circuit is sized at 125 percent of the charger's output (NEC 625.41).

Three ways to calculate the load

• Standard method (NEC Article 220, Parts III and IV): adds each load with specified demand factors. It is the most conservative method and often produces the largest result.
• Optional method for an existing dwelling (NEC 220.83): when heating or air conditioning is added, the larger of the heating or cooling load counts at 100 percent, the first 8 kVA of all other loads at 100 percent and the remainder at 40 percent. Section 220.82 uses a similar tiered approach for a new service supplying an entire dwelling.
• Measured demand (NEC 220.87): the highest demand recorded over one year of utility data, multiplied by 125 percent, plus the new loads. Con Edison and PSEG Long Island smart meters provide interval data that can be downloaded from the online account. Whether a particular data format is accepted is confirmed with the inspecting authority.
• Load management (NEC 625.42 and 750.30 in the 2020 NEC): a charger controlled by an automatic load management system may be calculated at the maximum the system allows. The inspecting authority decides whether a given system qualifies.

Heat pump nameplate data matters. The minimum circuit ampacity and maximum overcurrent rating on the label set the circuit size, and electric resistance backup heat is the item that most often pushes a calculation over 100 amps. Induction ranges have nameplate ratings of 40 to 50 amps, but demand factors apply under the standard method (NEC 220.55).

Worked example for a Long Island house

The example below is illustrative and is not a calculation for your home. It describes an 1,800-square-foot house with gas heat and a gas dryer that is converting to a 3-ton cold-climate heat pump without resistance backup (6,000 VA on its nameplate) and adding an induction range, a heat-pump water heater and an EV charger. It uses the existing-dwelling method of NEC 220.83 for added heating and cooling.

With a 48-amp charger, the calculated load exceeds a 100-amp service. With a 32-amp charger, it falls just under 100 amps, which leaves no practical margin for future loads, and 10 kW of resistance backup heat would push either version well past 100 amps.

The measured method evaluates the same house differently. If 12 months of data showed a peak of 45 amps, 125 percent of that is about 56 amps, and adding only a 32-amp charger (40 amps if counted at 125 percent) would total roughly 88 to 96 amps. Adding the heat pump, range and water heater as well would require 200-amp service under either method. Our licensed partner electricians prepare and file the calculation for each project, and the inspecting authority reviews it.

Typical service sizes

These are rules of thumb and do not replace a calculation.

• 100 amps: often sufficient for a home with gas heat, gas cooking and one right-sized EV charger, particularly with load management.
• 150 amps: an intermediate option, where the panel and utility supply allow it, for homes adding one or two major electric loads.
• 200 amps: the usual result for an all-electric single-family home with a heat pump, an induction range and an EV charger.
• 320 to 400 amps: large homes with two EV chargers, electric resistance backup heat, a pool or a substantial accessory unit.
• Two- to four-family buildings in New York City: the meter bank, the riser and each unit's service must be evaluated, not only the building total.

Utility process and timelines

The panel replacement is usually the shortest part of a service upgrade. The utility work sets the schedule.

• Con Edison: the licensed contractor submits the work request through Con Edison's Project Center, and the case is assigned to a team about one week after the request is received. Con Edison issues a service layout, the contractor prepares the site and submits a readiness checklist, and Con Edison verifies the site. After the electrical inspection certificate is submitted and the final inspection is complete, Con Edison connects the service and sets the meter. Con Edison states that a new meter averages about 10 days after deposits, applications and the final inspection are complete, and that work requiring excavation can take up to 90 days from its site inspection. Road embargoes, holidays and DOT moratoriums can extend these periods.
• PSEG Long Island: the owner or contractor submits a Residential Service Request through Building and Renovation Services, with load details and supporting documents. PSEG Long Island may require a deposit or contribution, makes the final determination on providing the service and sets timing based on crew availability, permits, site access and weather. The requested start date must be at least 30 days out, and an electrical inspection certificate is required for every new service or service change.

To protect the schedule, we obtain the utility layout before ordering meter equipment, book the inspection early, coordinate the cut-in date with the household and plan any masonry or sidewalk work in advance.

Smart panels and other load management options

Smart panels, such as SPAN, monitor and control individual circuits. Where the inspecting authority accepts it, a smart panel can serve as an energy management system that limits the calculated load, and it can shed loads automatically when the home runs on a battery or an EV.

• Advantages: circuit-level monitoring, automatic load control and integration with backup systems.
• Limitations: higher equipment cost than a conventional panel, reliance on the manufacturer's software and support over the life of the panel, and varying acceptance among inspectors and utilities of calculation reductions based on energy management.
• Alternatives: an EV charger with its own load management, such as the Tesla Wall Connector with dynamic power management, which uses a Tesla-approved power meter to lower the charge rate when household demand rises; a meter-collar load controller where the utility permits it; or a conventional panel with a few smart breakers.

For many homes, a load-managed charger achieves the main benefit of a smart panel at a lower cost. A smart panel is more useful when several large loads need coordination or a backup system is planned.

Recommended order of decisions

• Download 12 months of usage data from your Con Edison or PSEG Long Island account.
• Have a licensed electrician perform the load calculation, including all planned equipment.
• Evaluate load management or lower-power equipment, such as a 32-amp charger or a 120-volt heat-pump water heater.
• If the panel is the only constraint, consider a panel replacement on the existing service.
• If the calculated load exceeds the service, plan the service upgrade and start the utility request early.

We plan electrical service upgrades and electrification projects across New York City and Long Island, with the calculations, permits and electrical work handled by our licensed partner electricians. With 12 months of usage data and a photo of your panel, we can determine whether a service upgrade is necessary and price the alternatives.